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- ESSAY, Page 90Some Advice for King Hussein
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- By Murray Gart
-
- [Murray Gart is a former chief of correspondents for TIME,
- former editor of the Washington Star and author of a
- forthcoming book on the Middle East.]
-
-
- There's nothing subtle about war, though some think of it
- as a form of diplomacy. It produces only extremes: winners and
- losers. When it ends, sweet victory's trumpeters sound off on
- TV and rush into print to praise the winners and tell how they
- did it. The losers are another matter. They suffer greatly and
- arouse human compassion, but who really cares? They're the
- objects of history, not the subjects, unless they somehow turn
- their defeat around.
-
- Identifying the gulf-war losers -- Saddam Hussein, Yasser
- Arafat and King Hussein of Jordan -- is easy. They badly misled
- their people, who will pay the price for following them into
- trauma, tragedy and despair. Now each in his own way is fated
- to lose power and be remembered only as a failure. Of the
- three, however, Jordan's King Hussein has one last chance to
- recover. But he must move fast. The window of opportunity to
- preserve his honor and his throne will close as soon as
- Jordanians begin to need an outlet for their frustration. Saddam
- and Arafat are finished, period!
-
- By all reckoning, the King should step down. His decision
- to back Saddam's fatal plunge into Kuwait was catastrophic. If
- the King looked at his situation clearly and not defensively,
- he would see that backing Saddam was sheer folly. Jordan,
- bereft of financial support, is depressed and dangerously
- unstable. Gross national product is down 50%. The population
- of 3 million -- 60% Palestinian -- teems with bitter,
- unemployed citizens and dispossessed gulf refugees.
- Anti-American chants in the streets of Amman will soon turn
- into cries for revenge. But abdication and exile are not the
- King's only means of escape. A far more honorable course is
- still open.
-
- Hussein should summon all the dignity at his command and
- announce he is stepping up, not out. He should turn Jordan into
- a democracy by redefining the monarch's role, passing his
- governing powers to parliamentarians elected by his subjects,
- and granting them freedom to run the country. After that, he
- should continue to rule as England's Queen Elizabeth does --
- proudly. Absolute Arab monarchies are on the downside of
- history's curve, and Hussein, at least, knows it. In late 1989,
- to the chagrin of hereditary Arab monarchs, he ordered up
- Jordan's first real election for seats in parliament, a body
- that serves only at his pleasure. His parliament is less than
- perfect as a vehicle for orderly transition to popular rule,
- but with time running out, it will have to do.
-
- Hussein's transfer of power would have all sorts of
- redeeming effects. But establishing democratic government would
- accomplish one thing above all: it would transform Jordan into
- a Palestinian state. New Palestine (or whatever it got called)
- would be what Palestinians, and the King, have been struggling
- to create for two generations. Their efforts have focused on
- the West Bank and Gaza, unlikely places now for a Palestinian
- state, rather than Jordan. But the new government would reflect
- Jordan's bottom line: a large Palestinian majority in a nation
- where Palestinians control 75% of the wealth.
-
- New Palestine would fulfill in Jordan the Palestinian
- statehood dreams of Arafat and the P.L.O. -- dreams that have
- always been beyond their grasp. Who then would need Arafat and
- his liberation organization to create a Palestinian state that
- already existed? Arafat's official power would vanish
- overnight. Talented Palestinian leaders brought to the fore to
- run Jordan would control the state. Arafat, discredited by his
- mindless actions of late, would have to retire and salvage what
- he could of his once revered status among Palestinians.
-
- It would take courage for Hussein to democratize his
- country. Many loyal Jordanians would brand him a traitor. But
- their choices too have narrowed. If the King doesn't act, he'll
- lose power, leaving them without a monarch to help preserve
- their rights in New Palestine.
-
- Saudi Arabia's King Fahd and Kuwait's Emir Jaber al-Sabah
- would be deeply distressed to find democracy and Palestine in
- their backyard. But they could do nothing about it. Other
- countries with a basic interest in the Israeli-Palestinian
- conflict, especially Syria and Egypt, would privately applaud
- Hussein.
-
- New Palestine would send Israel into shock and generate
- feverish debate among Israelis. But in the end their only
- choice would be to face the new facts created by having a
- reconfigured neighbor. Given George Bush's search for a "bolder
- idea" than resuming efforts to bring Israel into talks to free
- Palestinians from military rule, a visionary move by King
- Hussein should quickly restore friendly relations with
- Washington. Who knows, Bush might even volunteer to join the
- King as a cheerleader for the new democratic state in the new
- world order.
-
- New Palestine's prime foreign business would be to engage
- Israel in immediate, direct negotiations to determine how best
- to incorporate the West Bank and Gaza into the new state and
- to define the rights of Palestinians so that they could live
- freely where they are now, as new citizens of New Palestine
- with voting rights in Amman. With support and oversight from
- the U.S. and the Soviet Union, talks would be hard for Israel
- to refuse.
-
- In advance, the issue of who represents the Palestinians
- would have been settled for the first time in 23 years. The
- negotiators would decide how to ensure Israel's security,
- withdraw the army of occupation, provide free access to
- Jerusalem's holy places and define how 1.7 million Arabs could
- share their West Bank and Gaza homeland with 210,000 Israeli
- Jews who also live in the territories.
-
- If the King acted wisely now, he would win the applause of
- his friend in the White House and the world. And instead of
- being a king whose time ran out, Hussein would be remembered
- as a great peacemaker, the father of New Palestine.
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